# 39 Chalkwell Esplanade, Westcliff-on-Sea

- **Decision:** dismissed, 1 September 2026
- **Decided by:** Planning Inspector: S Simms
- **Authority:** Southend-on-Sea (East of England)
- **Appeal reference:** 6006985
- **Application reference:** 25/00621/FUL
- **Procedure:** written-representations
- **Development:** Three-storey flat-roofed building of 3 flats with rear parking on vacant seafront plot (extant permission for 2 flats in a hipped-roof building)
- **Homes:** 3
- **Site context:** inside-settlement, PDL
- **Green Belt:** no
- **Housing land supply (years):** 2.9
- **Housing Delivery Test (%):** 20
- **Framework applied:** August 2026 NPPF
- **Determinative policies:** DP3(3), S4(2)
- **Development plan policies:** Southend-on-Sea Core Strategy 2007 KP2, CP4, Development Management Document 2015 DM1, DM3, DM6, Design and Townscape Guide SPD 2009
- **Main issues:** character and appearance
- **Tags:** design-refusal, dp3-refuse-trigger, s4-2-c-refusal-policy, s4-substantially-outweighed, housing-shortfall, small-scheme, fallback, parties-consulted-on-2026-framework

## Summary
A flat-roofed, stone-and-metal-clad block of 3 flats on a vacant plot on Southend seafront. There was already permission for a hipped-roof building of 2 flats. Dismissed on character grounds. The conflict with an explicit plan design standard (the Seafront Character Zone policy) engaged DP3's refusal trigger. With substantial weight, it substantially outweighed the benefits even with a 2.9-year supply and about 20% delivery.

## Issues and findings
- **Transition.** Parties were invited to comment on the new Framework and the new HDT results (DL ¶2).
- **Character — DP3: FAIL.** "the form and materials would further depart from the pitched and hipped roofs of most of the seafront, none of which nearby use coastal stone, and create greater massing than already permitted" (DL ¶7). Existing horizontal buildings "tend to detract from, rather than maintain, the established seafront architectural style" (DL ¶8).
- **Refusal trigger.** "Policy DP3 of the Framework states that proposals should be refused if they fail to respond to their context, conflict with relevant principles for creating well-designed places or conflict with any explicit design standards in the development plan. It requires substantial weight to be given to compliance with such standards" (DL ¶16).

## Planning balance
S4(2) route: "the benefits of approving development are likely to be substantially outweighed by adverse effects in situations where the proposal would fail to comply with one of the national decision-making policies which state that proposals should be refused" (DL ¶15). "I attach substantial weight to this conflict, which in turn substantially outweighs the benefits of the proposal, despite the housing land shortfall and significant under-delivery" (DL ¶17). The weight given to the housing benefit was not stated.

## What made the difference
DP3(3) did the work. Once the design conflicted with an explicit local character-zone standard, the inspector treated that conflict as carrying substantial weight in its own right. A severe supply position (2.9 years, about 20% delivery) and PDL reuse could not overcome it. The extant permission for a hipped-roof scheme showed that a design matching the seafront style was achievable, so the extra flat was only a marginal gain. A pitched and hipped design in matching materials would very likely have passed.

## Transferable points
- Conflict with an "explicit design standard" in the development plan engages DP3(3) and attracts substantial weight in its own right (DL ¶¶16–17).
- Through S4(2), a DP3 refusal can defeat the presumption even at 2.9 years' supply and about 20% delivery (DL ¶¶14, 17).
- Non-conforming newer buildings nearby do not set a precedent where they "detract from, rather than maintain" the established style (DL ¶8).
- The inspector did not explicitly weigh HO7 benefits. A drafting gap that later appellants may exploit (DL ¶¶11, 17).

## Policy findings
- **DP3(3): fail (substantial weight).** flat roof, coastal stone and metal cladding depart from the hipped-roof seafront form protected by DM6 Seafront Character Zone 4; conflict with explicit plan design standards given substantial weight (DL 7-10, 16-17)
- **S4(2): fail.** failure of a refuse-trigger policy means benefits likely substantially outweighed (DL 15, 17)
- **HO7: benefit.** 3 dwellings (net +1 over extant scheme), PDL, sustainable location; weight not specified (DL 11, 14)

## Key facts
- Council accepted 3.48 years; with 20% buffer its own evidence gives 2.90 years; delivery about 20% of requirement over three years (DL 14)
- Extant permission for a 3-storey hipped-roof building of 2 flats; appeal scheme adds 1 flat and more massing (DL 5-7)
- Essex Coast RAMS zone of influence; not pursued given the outcome (DL 12-13)
- Parties invited to comment on the new Framework and the 17 Aug 2026 HDT results (DL 2)

## Sources
- https://appeal-planning-decision.service.gov.uk/comment-planning-appeal/appeals/6006985
- https://appeal-planning-decision.service.gov.uk/published-document/ab2f7250-e3c6-46c8-8c06-8c75f92f935d

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Source: https://planningdistilled.org/research/england/nppf-navigator/decisions/PINS-6006985.html

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